酸化-混凝-催化氧化联合处理钻井废液研究

采用灰色关联熵分析法研究了胜利油田稠油黏度与其极性四组分含量和极性组分偶极矩的关联。同时通过改变实验油样乳状液的含水率及温度,探究了稠油组成性质与其乳状液反相点的关联。结果表明：稠油极性四组分含量与其黏度关联度的顺序是：沥青质〉胶质〉芳香分〉饱和分;稠油极性组分偶极矩与其黏度的关联度顺序是：沥青质〉胶质〉芳香分。随着稠油胶质、沥青质含量的增大,油水界面张力的降低、油滴Zeta电位绝对值的增大,乳状液含水率的反相点及温度的反相点逐渐升高。     

A computer-aided design of EMC microstrip dipole arrays using nonlinear optimization techniques

This paper describes a method for designing electromagnetically coupled (EMC) printed dipole arrays. The advantages of EMC dipoles include greater bandwidth, higher efficiency, and an easier match to the feed lines, when compared to classically fed printed antennae. The excitation mechanism is provided by a strip transmission line embedded inside the substrate which couples energy parasitically to the microstrip antenna. Electromagnetically coupled microstrip dipoles have been investigated by empirical or approximate analysis techniques. As a result an approximate model has been derived for microstrip dipoles. The method is based on the method of moments solution to an integral equation derived from the approximate Green function for a grounded dielectric slab. The element lengths and offsets and the stub length of the EMC dipole array are determined by the direct search optimization method of Hooke and Jeeves. To show the feasibility of the proposed method, a mathematical formulation and numerical results are presented for Chebyshev arrays. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 125(4): 60–66, 1998     

Polymer–solvent interaction observed in rubbery plateau modulus

The conventional wisdom is that concentration dependence of the rubbery plateau modulus of polymer solutions is independent of the material. However, in industrial practice, sometimes a small addition of miscible liquid lowers the modulus significantly whilst at other times it hardly affects it. This work examines an example of the former case (nitrile rubber–plasticizer systems) and one of the latter (acrylic rubber–plasticizer systems). Two possible explanations are offered for the observed behaviour. One is a possible contribution of a polar association to the plateau modulus: when a solvent breaks the association it gives the former case and when it does not, it gives the latter. The other explanation is a possible contraction of polymer coils from unperturbed size giving the former case, and an expansion giving the latter. Changes of less than a few percent of the coil-radius are sufficient to explain the above behaviour © 1998 SCI.     

Development of a 400 kJ Nb3Sn superconducting magnet for an SMES system

An Nb₃Sn superconducting magnet to store 400 kJ was developed as a unit magnet for a 2.4-MJ SMES system used for stabilization studies of electrical power systems. The superconducting magnet consists of a cryostat and an Nb₃Sn coil. The dimensions of the coil are: 340 mm inner diameter, 700 mm outer diameter and 177 mm axial length. The pool-cooled coil is a stack of 20 Nb₃Sn double pancakes, and the cooling channels are aligned between pancake coils. To reduce Joule loss in electrical power converters, the maximum operating current of the coil is designed to be 350 A, which is one order of magnitude less than the operating currents of similar scale coils for pulse use. The conductor is an Nb₃Sn monolithic conductor with cross section 1.50 × 2.38 mm. For good superconducting stability and high dielectric strength of the coil, the Nb₃Sn double pancakes were wound by the react-and-wind technique. Operation of dc current to 105% (367.5 A) of the design operating current was achieved without quench. After the whole of the coil was exposed out of liquid helium, the coil did not quench under 120 A current operation for more than 2 hours. It was verified that the coil was stable for the SMES system. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 121(3): 44–52, 1997     

横盘管降膜蒸发舰载余热海水淡化装置

设计建造了一台利用余热驱动的横盘管降膜蒸发海水淡化装置,利用电加热系统,对该装置进行了稳态模拟实验研究。实验结果表明,由于采用了横盘管降膜蒸发与降膜冷凝工艺,不但使装置变得紧凑,大大减少了焊接工作量,也使系统内的传热传质过程得到极大强化。在实验条件下,单位蒸发与冷凝面积传热速率分别达到4．25kW／m^2和9．70kW／m^2,因而系统具有较高的产水率。对加热水流量、加热水温度、装置内压力及冷却水温度等影响产水率的因素作了测试与分析,给出了合理的取值范围。     

环形天线结构的振动主动控制

环形天线是一种大型、柔性、低阻尼、低模态频率的空间结构,它在太空中受到外界干扰后振动响应较大。针对此问题,提出了一种采用音圈电机-凯夫拉纤维的振动主动控制新方式,根据环形天线的结构特点及音圈电机的动力学特性建立了含作动器的振动主动控制系统模型,并结合比例-微分(proportion-differentiation,简称PD)控制、模糊控制、模糊PD杂交控制算法分别研究了环形天线结构的前2阶振动控制性能。研究结果表明,采用音圈电机-凯夫拉纤维的振动主动控制新方式可以显著抑制环形天线前2阶的大幅值振动响应,模糊控制的效果明显优于PD控制,且模糊PD杂交控制算法进一步提高了天线平衡位置处的振动控制精度。     

PEM single fuel cell as a dedicated power source for high-inductive superconducting coils

In practice, the voltage of a hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell is around 1 V at open circuit and from 0.6 V to 0.7 V at full rated load and it can be considered as a low-voltage energy source. Moreover, preliminary investigations undertaken on a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) highlighted its behavior as a DC current source, that can be directly controlled by the H₂ flow rate when the operating point is at very low voltage. In this paper, we present an innovative application of PEMFC that relies on taking advantage of both low voltage level and current source operating mode to feed a high inductive superconducting coil. Such a coil has no resistance and among others, is very sensitive to current ripples. Thus, specific power supplies are designed to feed them but they exhibit in most cases a huge volume and/or a low energy yield. Connecting a superconducting coil to a PEMFC implies to operate in short-circuit, which is an unusual use of PEMFC. To this end, requirements of such an application are defined, by making use of a PEMFC electrical model based on a 1D analog representation of mass transport phenomena. This model, that enables to take into account the influence of gas supply conditions, notably diffusion limit operation, is directly implemented in a standard simulation software used in electrical engineering. Then, simulation results and experimental results obtained by supplying a 10 H superconducting coil cooled by liquid helium by means of a single 100 cm² PEMFC are compared and discussed.     

φ6 mm HRB400E带肋钢筋盘条的开发

为扩大品种范围、提升产品竞争力,成渝钒钛科技有限公司决定在高线产线上开发φ6 mm HRB400E带肋钢筋盘条。设计了带肋钢筋盘条化学成分,通过控轧控冷工艺参数对热轧盘条组织性能影响的相关分析,制定了轧制工艺参数,并研究了不同风冷工艺对其组织性能的影响。结果表明,通过控轧控冷工艺的优化,可以稳定生产出φ6 mm热轧带肋钢筋盘条,盘条微观组织均匀,各项指标均符合国家标准对抗震钢筋的要求;轧后风冷速度对盘条组织性能的影响较大,当冷速过快时钢筋组织中会出现贝氏体,使钢筋出现无屈服平台现象,应采用适当冷速。     

Self-sensing of cutting forces in diamond cutting by utilizing a voice coil motor-driven fast tool servo

Cutting force measurement is important for monitoring the diamond cutting process. In this paper, a new measurement method of thrust cutting force associated with a voice coil motor (VCM) driven fast tool servo (FTS) system has been developed. Instead of integrating additional force sensors to the FTS which would influence the dynamics of the FTS, the force measurement in the proposed system is achieved associated with in-process monitoring the variation of the driving current of the VCM and pre-process determining the system parameters. In this way, the cutting forces are accurately obtained by subtracting the influences of the driving force, the spring force, the damping force and the inertial force associated with the system as well as the cutting process. Based on the proposed method, a microstructure array was machined using the developed VCM-FTS and the cutting force during the machining process was monitored in real time. The measured force signal was in good agreement with the machining result. The surface profile error of the fabricated microstructure could be clearly distinguished by the variation of the measured cutting force signal. This provides a new approach for in-process cutting force measurement associated with FTS based diamond cutting process.     

深冲用SPHC钢开裂原因分析及改进措施

针对某厂生产的SPHC热轧酸洗卷在制作压缩机壳体过程中出现了制耳甚至开裂的现象，对其产生原因进行了研究。结果表明，SPHC低碳钢的Ar3温度较高，而终轧温度偏低，导致其在两相区轧制且带钢长度和宽度方向温度不均，使SPHC带钢产生混晶或粗晶组织，这是产生深冲开裂和制耳的主要原因。为此，提出了工艺改进措施，如提高加热温度、减少除鳞水；增加中间坯厚度、提高穿带和轧制速度、加盖保温罩、采用热卷取箱等，以保证薄规格SPHC带钢的终轧温度不小于910 ℃且改善带钢温度均匀性。生产实践表明，采用改进措施后，显著提高了薄规格SPHC带钢深冲性能，开裂率由30%降低至3‰。